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Sequences sunburst

This example shows the percentage of traffic as a "sunburst graph" (a layered donut graph).

A good use case is to summarize navigation paths through a web site, as in the sample synthetic data file (visit_sequences.csv). The visualization makes it easy to understand visits that start directly on a product page (e.g. after landing there from a search engine), compared to visits where users arrive on the site's home page and navigate from there. Where a funnel lets you understand a single pre-selected path, this allows you to see all possible paths.

Features:

  • works with data that is in a CSV format (you don't need to pre-generate a hierarchical JSON file, unless your data file is very large)
  • interactive breadcrumb trail helps to emphasize the sequence, so that it is easy for a first-time user to understand what they are seeing
  • percentages are shown explicitly, to help overcome the distortion of the data that occurs when using a radial presentation

If you want to simply reuse this with your own data, here are some tips for generating the CSV file:

  • no header is required (but it's OK if one is present)
  • use a hyphen to separate the steps in the sequence
  • the step names should be one word only, and ideally should be kept short. Non-alphanumeric characters will probably cause problems (I haven't tested this).
  • every sequence should have an "end" marker as the last element, unless it has been truncated because it is longer than the maximum sequence length (6, in the example). The purpose of the "end" marker is to distinguish a true end point (e.g. the user left the site) from an end point that has been forced by truncation.
  • each line should be a complete path from root to leaf - don't include counts for intermediate steps. For example, include "home-search-end" and "home-search-product-end" but not "home-search" - the latter is computed by the partition layout, by adding up the counts of all the sequences with that prefix.
  • to keep the number of permutations low, use a small number of unique step names, and a small maximum sequence length. Larger numbers of either of these will lead to a very large CSV that will be slow to process (and therefore require pre-processing into hierarchical JSON).

I created this example in my work at Google, but it is not part of any Google product. It is covered by the Apache license:

Copyright 2013 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Sequences sunburst</title>
<script src="http://d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,600">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="sequences.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="main">
<div id="sequence"></div>
<div id="chart">
<div id="explanation" style="visibility: hidden;">
<span id="percentage"></span><br/>
of visits begin with this sequence of pages
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="sidebar">
<input type="checkbox" id="togglelegend"> Legend<br/>
<div id="legend" style="visibility: hidden;"></div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="sequences.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// Hack to make this example display correctly in an iframe on bl.ocks.org
d3.select(self.frameElement).style("height", "700px");
</script>
</body>
</html>
body {
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
font-size: 12px;
font-weight: 400;
background-color: #fff;
width: 960px;
height: 700px;
margin-top: 10px;
}
#main {
float: left;
width: 750px;
}
#sidebar {
float: right;
width: 100px;
}
#sequence {
width: 600px;
height: 70px;
}
#legend {
padding: 10px 0 0 3px;
}
#sequence text, #legend text {
font-weight: 600;
fill: #fff;
}
#chart {
position: relative;
}
#chart path {
stroke: #fff;
}
#explanation {
position: absolute;
top: 260px;
left: 305px;
width: 140px;
text-align: center;
color: #666;
z-index: -1;
}
#percentage {
font-size: 2.5em;
}
// Dimensions of sunburst.
var width = 750;
var height = 600;
var radius = Math.min(width, height) / 2;
// Breadcrumb dimensions: width, height, spacing, width of tip/tail.
var b = {
w: 75, h: 30, s: 3, t: 10
};
// Mapping of step names to colors.
var colors = {
"home": "#2ca25f",
"ourproducts": "#8856a7",
"commercial": "#9ebcda",
"residential": "#e0ecf4",
"roombyroom": "#43a2ca",
"insulateyournewbuildhome": "#a8ddb5",
"insulateyourcurrenthome": "#e0f3db",
"installinginsulation": "#e34a33",
"diyinsulation": "#fdbb84",
"approvedinstallers": "#fee8c8",
"library": "#1c9099",
"productdatasheets": "#a6bddb",
"wheretobuy": "#fa9fb5",
"whypinkbattsinsulation": "#bdbdbd",
"whyinsulate": "#feb24c",
"aboutinsulation": "#ffeda0"
};
// Total size of all segments; we set this later, after loading the data.
var totalSize = 0;
var vis = d3.select("#chart").append("svg:svg")
.attr("width", width)
.attr("height", height)
.append("svg:g")
.attr("id", "container")
.attr("transform", "translate(" + width / 2 + "," + height / 2 + ")");
var partition = d3.layout.partition()
.size([2 * Math.PI, radius * radius])
.value(function(d) { return d.size; });
var arc = d3.svg.arc()
.startAngle(function(d) { return d.x; })
.endAngle(function(d) { return d.x + d.dx; })
.innerRadius(function(d) { return Math.sqrt(d.y); })
.outerRadius(function(d) { return Math.sqrt(d.y + d.dy); });
// Use d3.text and d3.csv.parseRows so that we do not need to have a header
// row, and can receive the csv as an array of arrays.
d3.text("visit-sequences.csv", function(text) {
var csv = d3.csv.parseRows(text);
var json = buildHierarchy(csv);
createVisualization(json);
});
// Main function to draw and set up the visualization, once we have the data.
function createVisualization(json) {
// Basic setup of page elements.
initializeBreadcrumbTrail();
drawLegend();
d3.select("#togglelegend").on("click", toggleLegend);
// Bounding circle underneath the sunburst, to make it easier to detect
// when the mouse leaves the parent g.
vis.append("svg:circle")
.attr("r", radius)
.style("opacity", 0);
// For efficiency, filter nodes to keep only those large enough to see.
var nodes = partition.nodes(json)
.filter(function(d) {
return (d.dx > 0.005); // 0.005 radians = 0.29 degrees
});
var path = vis.data([json]).selectAll("path")
.data(nodes)
.enter().append("svg:path")
.attr("display", function(d) { return d.depth ? null : "none"; })
.attr("d", arc)
.attr("fill-rule", "evenodd")
.style("fill", function(d) { return colors[d.name]; })
.style("opacity", 1)
.on("mouseover", mouseover);
// Add the mouseleave handler to the bounding circle.
d3.select("#container").on("mouseleave", mouseleave);
// Get total size of the tree = value of root node from partition.
totalSize = path.node().__data__.value;
};
// Fade all but the current sequence, and show it in the breadcrumb trail.
function mouseover(d) {
var percentage = (100 * d.value / totalSize).toPrecision(3);
var percentageString = percentage + "%";
if (percentage < 0.1) {
percentageString = "< 0.1%";
}
d3.select("#percentage")
.text(percentageString);
d3.select("#explanation")
.style("visibility", "");
var sequenceArray = getAncestors(d);
updateBreadcrumbs(sequenceArray, percentageString);
// Fade all the segments.
d3.selectAll("path")
.style("opacity", 0.3);
// Then highlight only those that are an ancestor of the current segment.
vis.selectAll("path")
.filter(function(node) {
return (sequenceArray.indexOf(node) >= 0);
})
.style("opacity", 1);
}
// Restore everything to full opacity when moving off the visualization.
function mouseleave(d) {
// Hide the breadcrumb trail
d3.select("#trail")
.style("visibility", "hidden");
// Deactivate all segments during transition.
d3.selectAll("path").on("mouseover", null);
// Transition each segment to full opacity and then reactivate it.
d3.selectAll("path")
.transition()
.duration(1000)
.style("opacity", 1)
.each("end", function() {
d3.select(this).on("mouseover", mouseover);
});
d3.select("#explanation")
.style("visibility", "hidden");
}
// Given a node in a partition layout, return an array of all of its ancestor
// nodes, highest first, but excluding the root.
function getAncestors(node) {
var path = [];
var current = node;
while (current.parent) {
path.unshift(current);
current = current.parent;
}
return path;
}
function initializeBreadcrumbTrail() {
// Add the svg area.
var trail = d3.select("#sequence").append("svg:svg")
.attr("width", width)
.attr("height", 50)
.attr("id", "trail");
// Add the label at the end, for the percentage.
trail.append("svg:text")
.attr("id", "endlabel")
.style("fill", "#000");
}
// Generate a string that describes the points of a breadcrumb polygon.
function breadcrumbPoints(d, i) {
var points = [];
points.push("0,0");
points.push(b.w + ",0");
points.push(b.w + b.t + "," + (b.h / 2));
points.push(b.w + "," + b.h);
points.push("0," + b.h);
if (i > 0) { // Leftmost breadcrumb; don't include 6th vertex.
points.push(b.t + "," + (b.h / 2));
}
return points.join(" ");
}
// Update the breadcrumb trail to show the current sequence and percentage.
function updateBreadcrumbs(nodeArray, percentageString) {
// Data join; key function combines name and depth (= position in sequence).
var g = d3.select("#trail")
.selectAll("g")
.data(nodeArray, function(d) { return d.name + d.depth; });
// Add breadcrumb and label for entering nodes.
var entering = g.enter().append("svg:g");
entering.append("svg:polygon")
.attr("points", breadcrumbPoints)
.style("fill", function(d) { return colors[d.name]; });
entering.append("svg:text")
.attr("x", (b.w + b.t) / 2)
.attr("y", b.h / 2)
.attr("dy", "0.35em")
.attr("text-anchor", "middle")
.text(function(d) { return d.name; });
// Set position for entering and updating nodes.
g.attr("transform", function(d, i) {
return "translate(" + i * (b.w + b.s) + ", 0)";
});
// Remove exiting nodes.
g.exit().remove();
// Now move and update the percentage at the end.
d3.select("#trail").select("#endlabel")
.attr("x", (nodeArray.length + 0.5) * (b.w + b.s))
.attr("y", b.h / 2)
.attr("dy", "0.35em")
.attr("text-anchor", "middle")
.text(percentageString);
// Make the breadcrumb trail visible, if it's hidden.
d3.select("#trail")
.style("visibility", "");
}
function drawLegend() {
// Dimensions of legend item: width, height, spacing, radius of rounded rect.
var li = {
w: 75, h: 30, s: 3, r: 3
};
var legend = d3.select("#legend").append("svg:svg")
.attr("width", li.w)
.attr("height", d3.keys(colors).length * (li.h + li.s));
var g = legend.selectAll("g")
.data(d3.entries(colors))
.enter().append("svg:g")
.attr("transform", function(d, i) {
return "translate(0," + i * (li.h + li.s) + ")";
});
g.append("svg:rect")
.attr("rx", li.r)
.attr("ry", li.r)
.attr("width", li.w)
.attr("height", li.h)
.style("fill", function(d) { return d.value; });
g.append("svg:text")
.attr("x", li.w / 2)
.attr("y", li.h / 2)
.attr("dy", "0.35em")
.attr("text-anchor", "middle")
.text(function(d) { return d.key; });
}
function toggleLegend() {
var legend = d3.select("#legend");
if (legend.style("visibility") == "hidden") {
legend.style("visibility", "");
} else {
legend.style("visibility", "hidden");
}
}
// Take a 2-column CSV and transform it into a hierarchical structure suitable
// for a partition layout. The first column is a sequence of step names, from
// root to leaf, separated by hyphens. The second column is a count of how
// often that sequence occurred.
function buildHierarchy(csv) {
var root = {"name": "root", "children": []};
for (var i = 0; i < csv.length; i++) {
var sequence = csv[i][0];
var size = +csv[i][1];
if (isNaN(size)) { // e.g. if this is a header row
continue;
}
var parts = sequence.split("-");
var currentNode = root;
for (var j = 0; j < parts.length; j++) {
var children = currentNode["children"];
var nodeName = parts[j];
var childNode;
if (j + 1 < parts.length) {
// Not yet at the end of the sequence; move down the tree.
var foundChild = false;
for (var k = 0; k < children.length; k++) {
if (children[k]["name"] == nodeName) {
childNode = children[k];
foundChild = true;
break;
}
}
// If we don't already have a child node for this branch, create it.
if (!foundChild) {
childNode = {"name": nodeName, "children": []};
children.push(childNode);
}
currentNode = childNode;
} else {
// Reached the end of the sequence; create a leaf node.
childNode = {"name": nodeName, "size": size};
children.push(childNode);
}
}
}
return root;
};
home 24274
ourproducts-residential 19349
ourproducts 6732
roombyroom-insulateyournewbuildhome-whatrvaluedoineed 5431
installinginsulation-diyinsulation 5091
roombyroom-insulateyourcurrenthome 4841
installinginsulation 4459
library-productdatasheets 3333
wheretobuy 3290
installinginsulation-approvedinstallers 3196
whypinkbattsinsulation-facts 3144
whyinsulate-aboutinsulation-whatisarvalue 2936
ourproducts-residential-walls 2711
ourproducts-commercial 2626
roombyroom-roombyroom 2620
roombyroom-insulateyournewbuildhome 2212
installinginsulation-diyinsulation-whatrvaluedoineed 2027
whyinsulate-faqs 1996
roombyroom-insulateyourcurrenthome-insulateyourcurrenthome 31850
ourproducts-makingpinkbattsinsulation 1760
whyinsulate-aboutinsulation 1673
ourproducts-residential-roof 1597
ourproducts-residential-floors 1593
library-generalinformation 1443
whypinkbattsinsulation 1414
library-technicalinformation 1312
whyinsulate 1199
contactus 1161
installinginsulation-christchurch 967
home 24274
ourproducts-residential 19349
ourproducts 6732
roombyroom-insulateyournewbuildhome-whatrvaluedoineed 5431
installinginsulation-diyinsulation 5091
roombyroom-insulateyourcurrenthome 4841
installinginsulation 4459
library-productdatasheets 3333
wheretobuy 3290
installinginsulation-approvedinstallers 3196
whypinkbattsinsulation-facts 3144
whyinsulate-aboutinsulation-whatisarvalue 2936
ourproducts-residential-walls 2711
ourproducts-commercial 2626
roombyroom-roombyroom 2620
roombyroom-insulateyournewbuildhome 2212
installinginsulation-diyinsulation-whatrvaluedoineed 2027
whyinsulate-faqs 1996
roombyroom-insulateyourcurrenthome-insulateyourcurrenthome 31850
ourproducts-makingpinkbattsinsulation 1760
whyinsulate-aboutinsulation 1673
ourproducts-residential-roof 1597
ourproducts-residential-floors 1593
library-generalinformation 1443
whypinkbattsinsulation 1414
library-technicalinformation 1312
whyinsulate 1199
contactus 1161
installinginsulation-christchurch 967
ourproducts-residential-buildingunderlays 932
ourproducts-makingpinkbattsinsulation-howglasswoolismade 811
library 637
ourproducts-commercial-foilproducts 605
whypinkbattsinsulation-pinkbattsmorethancomfort-productsafety 580
roombyroom-insulateyourcurrenthome-insulateyourcurrenthome 542
whypinkbattsinsulation-lifetimewarranty 532
whypinkbattsinsulation-pinkbattsmorethancomfort 453
assets-DataSheets-PinkBattsinsulationhomeownerBrochurepdf 440
whypinkbattsinsulation-pinkbattsmorethancomfort-costsavings 421
assets-DataSheets-SisalationBrochureJune2014pdf 339
assets-DataSheets-PinkBattsinsulationproductguidepdf 329
whyinsulate-aboutinsulation-choosinginsulation 320
aboutus 310
assets-DataSheets-PinkBattsBIBDataSheetpdf 289
whypinkbattsinsulation-reviews 279
downlightsandyourinsulation 249
whypinkbattsinsulation-pinkbattsmorethancomfort-sustainability 241
installinginsulation-diyinsulation-toolsandsafetytips 238
roombyroom-insulateyourcurrenthome-homesofdifferenteras 232
whypinkbattsinsulation-customerstories 201
whypinkbattsinsulation-pinkbattsmorethancomfort-costsavings 200
downlightsandyourinsulation 159
whyinsulate-glossary 148
whypinkbattsinsulation-customerstories-fionaandgregsfirestory 141
assets-DataSheets-PinkBattsproductguidepdf 136
ourproducts-residential-accessories 133
library-generalinformation-generalinformation-productguides 132
resources-category 4125
twograndtuesdays 125
whypinkbattsinsulation-pinkbattsmorethancomfort-healthyliving 122
contactus-ContactForm 97
diypack 97
whyinsulate-aboutinsulation-buildingcode 78
whypinkbattsinsulation-pinkbattsmorethancomfort-assurance 72
whypinkbattsinsulation-pinkbattsmorethancomfort-comfort 59
assets-Technical-BRANZappraisalNo6322012PinkBattsSnugFloorunderfloorinsulationpdf 56
assets-Technical-BRANZappraisalNo642TyvekHomewrappdf 51
library-productdatasheets-residential-buildingunderlays 47
Security-loginBackURL-admin 41
resources-category-4 39
assets-DataSheets-PinkBattsInsulationSkillionRoofDataSheetpdf 35
assets-DataSheets-PinkBattsProductGuidepdf 34
library-productdatasheets-commercial 34
twograndtuesdaysterms 34
resources-category 33
assets-DataSheets-TyvekHomeWrappdf 31
termsofuseandprivacypolicy 27
Security-loginBackURL-admin 25
ourproducts-makingpinkbattsinsulation-howglasswoolismade 24
ourproducts-residential-SearchFormSearchskillionactionresultsGo 23
assets-DataSheets-PinkBattsSnugfloorDataSheetpdf 22
assets-DataSheets-TyvekSuprobroch31113pdf 22
assets-DataSheets-PinkBattsSkillionRoofInsulationpdf 21
whypinkbattsinsulation-reviews 21
roombyroom-insulateyournewbuildhome-tipsforeffectiveinsulation 20
assets-Technical-BRANZappraisalSupropdf 19
libraryold-datasheets 19
quickcomparisonhtml 16
whypinkbattsinsulation-pinkbattsmorethancomfort-healthyliving 16
assets-DataSheets-SisalationBrochurepdf 15
home-SearchFormSearchsisalationactionresultsGo 15
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