mbhall88 · October 25, 2022 19:46 · dineshbyte · Dec 5, 2018 · temahukn · Jun 14, 2019
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
 .DS_Store
 .idea
diff --git a/Readme.md b/Readme.md
diff --git a/index.css b/index.css
 body {
    font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
    color: #333333;
 }

 /* Add shadow effect to chart. If you don't like it, get rid of it. */
 svg {
    -webkit-filter: drop-shadow( 0px 3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.3) );
    filter: drop-shadow( 0px 3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.25) );
 }

 /*Styling for the lines connecting the labels to the slices*/
 polyline{
    opacity: .3;
    stroke: black;
    stroke-width: 2px;
    fill: none;
    shape-rendering: geometricPrecision;
 }

 /* styling for the donut slices*/
 path {
    shape-rendering: geometricPrecision;
 }

 /* Make the percentage on the text labels bold*/
 .labelName tspan {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 700;
 }

 /* In biology we generally italicise species names. */
 .labelName {
    font-size: 0.8em;
    font-style: italic;
 }
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Reusable Donut Chart in D3 v4</title>
    <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:400,700" rel="stylesheet">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
    <script src="index.js"></script>
 </head>
 <body>

 <div id="chart"></div>

 <script>
    var timerInterval = 1500;

    var donut = donutChart()
        .width(960)
        .height(500)
        .transTime(750) // length of transitions in ms
        .cornerRadius(3) // sets how rounded the corners are on each slice
        .padAngle(0.015) // effectively dictates the gap between slices
        .variable('prob')
        .category('species');

    var i = 0;

    d3.tsv('species.tsv', function(error, data) {
        if (error) throw error;

        // group entries together by timestamp to simulate  receiving real-time data
        var nestData = d3.nest()
            .key(function(d) { return d.time; }) // collects entries with the same time value
            .entries(data);

        // timer to update chart with new data every timeInterval milliseconds.
        var timer = setInterval(function() {
        	if (i === nestData.length - 1) { clearInterval(timer); }
        	donut.data(nestData[i].values);
            if (i === 0) { // if first time receiving data...
                i++;
                d3.select('#chart')
                    .call(donut); // draw chart in div
            }
            i++;
        }, timerInterval);
    });
 </script>

 </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
 function donutChart() {
    var data = [],
        width,
        height,
        margin = {top: 10, right: 10, bottom: 10, left: 10},
        colour = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory20c), // colour scheme
        variable, // value in data that will dictate proportions on chart
        category, // compare data by
        padAngle, // effectively dictates the gap between slices
        transTime, // transition time
        updateData,
        floatFormat = d3.format('.4r'),
        cornerRadius, // sets how rounded the corners are on each slice
        percentFormat = d3.format(',.2%');

    function chart(selection){
        selection.each(function() {
            // generate chart
            // ===========================================================================================
            // Set up constructors for making donut. See https://github.com/d3/d3-shape/blob/master/README.md
            var radius = Math.min(width, height) / 2;

            // creates a new pie generator
            var pie = d3.pie()
                .value(function(d) { return floatFormat(d[variable]); })
                .sort(null);

            // contructs and arc generator. This will be used for the donut. The difference between outer and inner
            // radius will dictate the thickness of the donut
            var arc = d3.arc()
                .outerRadius(radius * 0.8)
                .innerRadius(radius * 0.6)
                .cornerRadius(cornerRadius)
                .padAngle(padAngle);

            // this arc is used for aligning the text labels
            var outerArc = d3.arc()
                .outerRadius(radius * 0.9)
                .innerRadius(radius * 0.9);
            // ===========================================================================================

            // ===========================================================================================
            // append the svg object to the selection
            // var svg = selection.append('svg')
            var svg = selection.append('svg')
                .attr('width', width + margin.left + margin.right)
                .attr('height', height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
              .append('g')
                .attr('transform', 'translate(' + width / 2 + ',' + height / 2 + ')');
            // ===========================================================================================

            // ===========================================================================================
            // g elements to keep elements within svg modular
            svg.append('g').attr('class', 'slices');
            svg.append('g').attr('class', 'labelName');
            svg.append('g').attr('class', 'lines');
            // ===========================================================================================

            // ===========================================================================================
            // add and colour the donut slices
            var path = svg.select('.slices')
                .selectAll('path')
                .data(pie(data))
              .enter().append('path')
                .attr('fill', function(d) { return colour(d.data[category]); })
                .attr('d', arc);
            // ===========================================================================================

            // ===========================================================================================
            // add text labels
            var label = svg.select('.labelName').selectAll('text')
                .data(pie(data))
              .enter().append('text')
                .attr('dy', '.35em')
                .html(updateLabelText)
                .attr('transform', labelTransform)
                .style('text-anchor', function(d) {
                    // if slice centre is on the left, anchor text to start, otherwise anchor to end
                    return (midAngle(d)) < Math.PI ? 'start' : 'end';
                });
            // ===========================================================================================

            // ===========================================================================================
            // add lines connecting labels to slice. A polyline creates straight lines connecting several points
            var polyline = svg.select('.lines')
                .selectAll('polyline')
                .data(pie(data))
              .enter().append('polyline')
                .attr('points', calculatePoints);
            // ===========================================================================================

            // ===========================================================================================
            // add tooltip to mouse events on slices and labels
            d3.selectAll('.labelName text, .slices path').call(toolTip);
            // ===========================================================================================

            // ===========================================================================================
            // FUNCTION TO UPDATE CHART
            updateData = function() {

                var updatePath = d3.select('.slices').selectAll('path');
                var updateLines = d3.select('.lines').selectAll('polyline');
                var updateLabels = d3.select('.labelName').selectAll('text');

                var data0 = path.data(), // store the current data before updating to the new
                    data1 = pie(data);

                // update data attached to the slices, labels, and polylines. the key function assigns the data to
                // the correct element, rather than in order of how the data appears. This means that if a category
                // already exists in the chart, it will have its data updated rather than removed and re-added.
                updatePath = updatePath.data(data1, key);
                updateLines = updateLines.data(data1, key);
                updateLabels = updateLabels.data(data1, key);

                // adds new slices/lines/labels
                updatePath.enter().append('path')
                    .each(function(d, i) { this._current = findNeighborArc(i, data0, data1, key) || d; })
                    .attr('fill', function(d) {  return colour(d.data[category]); })
                    .attr('d', arc);

                updateLines.enter().append('polyline')
                    .each(function(d, i) { this._current = findNeighborArc(i, data0, data1, key) || d; })
                    .attr('points', calculatePoints);

                updateLabels.enter().append('text')
                    .each(function(d, i) { this._current = findNeighborArc(i, data0, data1, key) || d; })
                    .html(updateLabelText)
                    .attr('transform', labelTransform)
                    .style('text-anchor', function(d) { return (midAngle(d)) < Math.PI ? 'start' : 'end'; });

                // removes slices/labels/lines that are not in the current dataset
                updatePath.exit()
                    .transition()
                    .duration(transTime)
                    .attrTween("d", arcTween)
                    .remove();

                updateLines.exit()
                    .transition()
                    .duration(transTime)
                    .attrTween("points", pointTween)
                    .remove();

                updateLabels.exit()
                    .remove();

                // animates the transition from old angle to new angle for slices/lines/labels
                updatePath.transition().duration(transTime)
                    .attrTween('d', arcTween);

                updateLines.transition().duration(transTime)
                    .attrTween('points', pointTween);

                updateLabels.transition().duration(transTime)
                    .attrTween('transform', labelTween)
                    .styleTween('text-anchor', labelStyleTween);

                updateLabels.html(updateLabelText); // update the label text

                // add tooltip to mouse events on slices and labels
                d3.selectAll('.labelName text, .slices path').call(toolTip);

            };
            // ===========================================================================================
            // Functions
            // calculates the angle for the middle of a slice
            function midAngle(d) { return d.startAngle + (d.endAngle - d.startAngle) / 2; }

            // function that creates and adds the tool tip to a selected element
            function toolTip(selection) {

                // add tooltip (svg circle element) when mouse enters label or slice
                selection.on('mouseenter', function (data) {

                    svg.append('text')
                        .attr('class', 'toolCircle')
                        .attr('dy', -15) // hard-coded. can adjust this to adjust text vertical alignment in tooltip
                        .html(toolTipHTML(data)) // add text to the circle.
                        .style('font-size', '.7em')
                        .style('text-anchor', 'middle'); // centres text in tooltip

                    svg.append('circle')
                        .attr('class', 'toolCircle')
                        .attr('r', radius * 0.55) // radius of tooltip circle
                        .style('fill', colour(data.data[category])) // colour based on category mouse is over
                        .style('fill-opacity', 0.35);

                });

                // remove the tooltip when mouse leaves the slice/label
                selection.on('mouseout', function () {
                    d3.selectAll('.toolCircle').remove();
                });
            }

            // function to create the HTML string for the tool tip. Loops through each key in data object
            // and returns the html string key: value
            function toolTipHTML(data) {

                var tip = '',
                    i   = 0;

                for (var key in data.data) {

                    // if value is a number, format it as a percentage
                    var value = (!isNaN(parseFloat(data.data[key]))) ? percentFormat(data.data[key]) : data.data[key];

                    // leave off 'dy' attr for first tspan so the 'dy' attr on text element works. The 'dy' attr on
                    // tspan effectively imitates a line break.
                    if (i === 0) tip += '<tspan x="0">' + key + ': ' + value + '</tspan>';
                    else tip += '<tspan x="0" dy="1.2em">' + key + ': ' + value + '</tspan>';
                    i++;
                }

                return tip;
            }

            // calculate the points for the polyline to pass through
            function calculatePoints(d) {
                // see label transform function for explanations of these three lines.
                var pos = outerArc.centroid(d);
                pos[0] = radius * 0.95 * (midAngle(d) < Math.PI ? 1 : -1);
                return [arc.centroid(d), outerArc.centroid(d), pos]
            }

            function labelTransform(d) {
                // effectively computes the centre of the slice.
                // see https://github.com/d3/d3-shape/blob/master/README.md#arc_centroid
                var pos = outerArc.centroid(d);

                // changes the point to be on left or right depending on where label is.
                pos[0] = radius * 0.95 * (midAngle(d) < Math.PI ? 1 : -1);
                return 'translate(' + pos + ')';
            }

            function updateLabelText(d) {
                return d.data[category] + ': <tspan>' + percentFormat(d.data[variable]) + '</tspan>';
            }

            // function that calculates transition path for label and also it's text anchoring
            function labelStyleTween(d) {
                this._current = this._current || d;
                var interpolate = d3.interpolate(this._current, d);
                this._current = interpolate(0);
                return function(t){
                    var d2 = interpolate(t);
                    return midAngle(d2) < Math.PI ? 'start':'end';
                };
            }

            function labelTween(d) {
                this._current = this._current || d;
                var interpolate = d3.interpolate(this._current, d);
                this._current = interpolate(0);
                return function(t){
                    var d2  = interpolate(t),
                        pos = outerArc.centroid(d2); // computes the midpoint [x,y] of the centre line that would be
                    // generated by the given arguments. It is defined as startangle + endangle/2 and innerR + outerR/2
                    pos[0] = radius * (midAngle(d2) < Math.PI ? 1 : -1); // aligns the labels on the sides
                    return 'translate(' + pos + ')';
                };
            }

            function pointTween(d) {
                this._current = this._current || d;
                var interpolate = d3.interpolate(this._current, d);
                this._current = interpolate(0);
                return function(t){
                    var d2  = interpolate(t),
                        pos = outerArc.centroid(d2);
                    pos[0] = radius * 0.95 * (midAngle(d2) < Math.PI ? 1 : -1);
                    return [arc.centroid(d2), outerArc.centroid(d2), pos];
                };
            }

            // function to calculate the tween for an arc's transition.
            // see http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/5100636 for a thorough explanation.
            function arcTween(d) {
                var i = d3.interpolate(this._current, d);
                this._current = i(0);
                return function(t) { return arc(i(t)); };
            }

            function findNeighborArc(i, data0, data1, key) {
                var d;
                return (d = findPreceding(i, data0, data1, key)) ? {startAngle: d.endAngle, endAngle: d.endAngle}
                    : (d = findFollowing(i, data0, data1, key)) ? {startAngle: d.startAngle, endAngle: d.startAngle}
                        : null;
            }
            // Find the element in data0 that joins the highest preceding element in data1.
            function findPreceding(i, data0, data1, key) {
                var m = data0.length;
                while (--i >= 0) {
                    var k = key(data1[i]);
                    for (var j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
                        if (key(data0[j]) === k) return data0[j];
                    }
                }
            }

            function key(d) {
                return d.data[category];
            }

            // Find the element in data0 that joins the lowest following element in data1.
            function findFollowing(i, data0, data1, key) {
                var n = data1.length, m = data0.length;
                while (++i < n) {
                    var k = key(data1[i]);
                    for (var j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
                        if (key(data0[j]) === k) return data0[j];
                    }
                }
            }

            // ===========================================================================================

        });
    }

    // getter and setter functions. See Mike Bostocks post "Towards Reusable Charts" for a tutorial on how this works.
    chart.width = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return width;
        width = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.height = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return height;
        height = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.margin = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return margin;
        margin = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.radius = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return radius;
        radius = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.padAngle = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return padAngle;
        padAngle = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.cornerRadius = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return cornerRadius;
        cornerRadius = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.colour = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return colour;
        colour = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.variable = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return variable;
        variable = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.category = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return category;
        category = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.transTime = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return transTime;
        transTime = value;
        return chart;
    };

    chart.data = function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return data;
        data = value;
        if (typeof updateData === 'function') updateData();
        return chart;
    };

    return chart;
 }
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
 MIT License

 Copyright (c) 2017 Michael Hall

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/species.tsv b/species.tsv
diff --git a/thumbnail.png b/thumbnail.png
	body {
	font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
	color: #333333;
	}

	/* Add shadow effect to chart. If you don't like it, get rid of it. */
	svg {
	-webkit-filter: drop-shadow( 0px 3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.3) );
	filter: drop-shadow( 0px 3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.25) );
	}

	/Styling for the lines connecting the labels to the slices/
	polyline{
	opacity: .3;
	stroke: black;
	stroke-width: 2px;
	fill: none;
	shape-rendering: geometricPrecision;
	}

	/* styling for the donut slices*/
	path {
	shape-rendering: geometricPrecision;
	}

	/* Make the percentage on the text labels bold*/
	.labelName tspan {
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: 700;
	}

	/* In biology we generally italicise species names. */
	.labelName {
	font-size: 0.8em;
	font-style: italic;
	}
	<!DOCTYPE html>
	<html lang="en">
	<head>
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<title>Reusable Donut Chart in D3 v4</title>
	<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script>
	<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:400,700" rel="stylesheet">
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
	<script src="index.js"></script>
	</head>
	<body>

	<div id="chart"></div>

	<script>
	var timerInterval = 1500;

	var donut = donutChart()
	.width(960)
	.height(500)
	.transTime(750) // length of transitions in ms
	.cornerRadius(3) // sets how rounded the corners are on each slice
	.padAngle(0.015) // effectively dictates the gap between slices
	.variable('prob')
	.category('species');

	var i = 0;

	d3.tsv('species.tsv', function(error, data) {
	if (error) throw error;

	// group entries together by timestamp to simulate receiving real-time data
	var nestData = d3.nest()
	.key(function(d) { return d.time; }) // collects entries with the same time value
	.entries(data);

	// timer to update chart with new data every timeInterval milliseconds.
	var timer = setInterval(function() {
	if (i === nestData.length - 1) { clearInterval(timer); }
	donut.data(nestData[i].values);
	if (i === 0) { // if first time receiving data...
	i++;
	d3.select('#chart')
	.call(donut); // draw chart in div
	}
	i++;
	}, timerInterval);
	});
	</script>

	</body>
	</html>
	function donutChart() {
	var data = [],
	width,
	height,
	margin = {top: 10, right: 10, bottom: 10, left: 10},
	colour = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory20c), // colour scheme
	variable, // value in data that will dictate proportions on chart
	category, // compare data by
	padAngle, // effectively dictates the gap between slices
	transTime, // transition time
	updateData,
	floatFormat = d3.format('.4r'),
	cornerRadius, // sets how rounded the corners are on each slice
	percentFormat = d3.format(',.2%');

	function chart(selection){
	selection.each(function() {
	// generate chart
	// ===========================================================================================
	// Set up constructors for making donut. See https://github.com/d3/d3-shape/blob/master/README.md
	var radius = Math.min(width, height) / 2;

	// creates a new pie generator
	var pie = d3.pie()
	.value(function(d) { return floatFormat(d[variable]); })
	.sort(null);

	// contructs and arc generator. This will be used for the donut. The difference between outer and inner
	// radius will dictate the thickness of the donut
	var arc = d3.arc()
	.outerRadius(radius * 0.8)
	.innerRadius(radius * 0.6)
	.cornerRadius(cornerRadius)
	.padAngle(padAngle);

	// this arc is used for aligning the text labels
	var outerArc = d3.arc()
	.outerRadius(radius * 0.9)
	.innerRadius(radius * 0.9);
	// ===========================================================================================

	// ===========================================================================================
	// append the svg object to the selection
	// var svg = selection.append('svg')
	var svg = selection.append('svg')
	.attr('width', width + margin.left + margin.right)
	.attr('height', height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
	.append('g')
	.attr('transform', 'translate(' + width / 2 + ',' + height / 2 + ')');
	// ===========================================================================================

	// ===========================================================================================
	// g elements to keep elements within svg modular
	svg.append('g').attr('class', 'slices');
	svg.append('g').attr('class', 'labelName');
	svg.append('g').attr('class', 'lines');
	// ===========================================================================================

	// ===========================================================================================
	// add and colour the donut slices
	var path = svg.select('.slices')
	.selectAll('path')
	.data(pie(data))
	.enter().append('path')
	.attr('fill', function(d) { return colour(d.data[category]); })
	.attr('d', arc);
	// ===========================================================================================

	// ===========================================================================================
	// add text labels
	var label = svg.select('.labelName').selectAll('text')
	.data(pie(data))
	.enter().append('text')
	.attr('dy', '.35em')
	.html(updateLabelText)
	.attr('transform', labelTransform)
	.style('text-anchor', function(d) {
	// if slice centre is on the left, anchor text to start, otherwise anchor to end
	return (midAngle(d)) < Math.PI ? 'start' : 'end';
	});
	// ===========================================================================================

	// ===========================================================================================
	// add lines connecting labels to slice. A polyline creates straight lines connecting several points
	var polyline = svg.select('.lines')
	.selectAll('polyline')
	.data(pie(data))
	.enter().append('polyline')
	.attr('points', calculatePoints);
	// ===========================================================================================

	// ===========================================================================================
	// add tooltip to mouse events on slices and labels
	d3.selectAll('.labelName text, .slices path').call(toolTip);
	// ===========================================================================================

	// ===========================================================================================
	// FUNCTION TO UPDATE CHART
	updateData = function() {

	var updatePath = d3.select('.slices').selectAll('path');
	var updateLines = d3.select('.lines').selectAll('polyline');
	var updateLabels = d3.select('.labelName').selectAll('text');

	var data0 = path.data(), // store the current data before updating to the new
	data1 = pie(data);

	// update data attached to the slices, labels, and polylines. the key function assigns the data to
	// the correct element, rather than in order of how the data appears. This means that if a category
	// already exists in the chart, it will have its data updated rather than removed and re-added.
	updatePath = updatePath.data(data1, key);
	updateLines = updateLines.data(data1, key);
	updateLabels = updateLabels.data(data1, key);

	// adds new slices/lines/labels
	updatePath.enter().append('path')
	.each(function(d, i) { this._current = findNeighborArc(i, data0, data1, key) \|\| d; })
	.attr('fill', function(d) { return colour(d.data[category]); })
	.attr('d', arc);

	updateLines.enter().append('polyline')
	.each(function(d, i) { this._current = findNeighborArc(i, data0, data1, key) \|\| d; })
	.attr('points', calculatePoints);

	updateLabels.enter().append('text')
	.each(function(d, i) { this._current = findNeighborArc(i, data0, data1, key) \|\| d; })
	.html(updateLabelText)
	.attr('transform', labelTransform)
	.style('text-anchor', function(d) { return (midAngle(d)) < Math.PI ? 'start' : 'end'; });

	// removes slices/labels/lines that are not in the current dataset
	updatePath.exit()
	.transition()
	.duration(transTime)
	.attrTween("d", arcTween)
	.remove();

	updateLines.exit()
	.transition()
	.duration(transTime)
	.attrTween("points", pointTween)
	.remove();

	updateLabels.exit()
	.remove();

	// animates the transition from old angle to new angle for slices/lines/labels
	updatePath.transition().duration(transTime)
	.attrTween('d', arcTween);

	updateLines.transition().duration(transTime)
	.attrTween('points', pointTween);

	updateLabels.transition().duration(transTime)
	.attrTween('transform', labelTween)
	.styleTween('text-anchor', labelStyleTween);

	updateLabels.html(updateLabelText); // update the label text

	// add tooltip to mouse events on slices and labels
	d3.selectAll('.labelName text, .slices path').call(toolTip);

	};
	// ===========================================================================================
	// Functions
	// calculates the angle for the middle of a slice
	function midAngle(d) { return d.startAngle + (d.endAngle - d.startAngle) / 2; }

	// function that creates and adds the tool tip to a selected element
	function toolTip(selection) {

	// add tooltip (svg circle element) when mouse enters label or slice
	selection.on('mouseenter', function (data) {

	svg.append('text')
	.attr('class', 'toolCircle')
	.attr('dy', -15) // hard-coded. can adjust this to adjust text vertical alignment in tooltip
	.html(toolTipHTML(data)) // add text to the circle.
	.style('font-size', '.7em')
	.style('text-anchor', 'middle'); // centres text in tooltip

	svg.append('circle')
	.attr('class', 'toolCircle')
	.attr('r', radius * 0.55) // radius of tooltip circle
	.style('fill', colour(data.data[category])) // colour based on category mouse is over
	.style('fill-opacity', 0.35);

	});

	// remove the tooltip when mouse leaves the slice/label
	selection.on('mouseout', function () {
	d3.selectAll('.toolCircle').remove();
	});
	}

	// function to create the HTML string for the tool tip. Loops through each key in data object
	// and returns the html string key: value
	function toolTipHTML(data) {

	var tip = '',
	i = 0;

	for (var key in data.data) {

	// if value is a number, format it as a percentage
	var value = (!isNaN(parseFloat(data.data[key]))) ? percentFormat(data.data[key]) : data.data[key];

	// leave off 'dy' attr for first tspan so the 'dy' attr on text element works. The 'dy' attr on
	// tspan effectively imitates a line break.
	if (i === 0) tip += '<tspan x="0">' + key + ': ' + value + '</tspan>';
	else tip += '<tspan x="0" dy="1.2em">' + key + ': ' + value + '</tspan>';
	i++;
	}

	return tip;
	}

	// calculate the points for the polyline to pass through
	function calculatePoints(d) {
	// see label transform function for explanations of these three lines.
	var pos = outerArc.centroid(d);
	pos[0] = radius * 0.95 * (midAngle(d) < Math.PI ? 1 : -1);
	return [arc.centroid(d), outerArc.centroid(d), pos]
	}

	function labelTransform(d) {
	// effectively computes the centre of the slice.
	// see https://github.com/d3/d3-shape/blob/master/README.md#arc_centroid
	var pos = outerArc.centroid(d);

	// changes the point to be on left or right depending on where label is.
	pos[0] = radius * 0.95 * (midAngle(d) < Math.PI ? 1 : -1);
	return 'translate(' + pos + ')';
	}

	function updateLabelText(d) {
	return d.data[category] + ': <tspan>' + percentFormat(d.data[variable]) + '</tspan>';
	}

	// function that calculates transition path for label and also it's text anchoring
	function labelStyleTween(d) {
	this._current = this._current \|\| d;
	var interpolate = d3.interpolate(this._current, d);
	this._current = interpolate(0);
	return function(t){
	var d2 = interpolate(t);
	return midAngle(d2) < Math.PI ? 'start':'end';
	};
	}

	function labelTween(d) {
	this._current = this._current \|\| d;
	var interpolate = d3.interpolate(this._current, d);
	this._current = interpolate(0);
	return function(t){
	var d2 = interpolate(t),
	pos = outerArc.centroid(d2); // computes the midpoint [x,y] of the centre line that would be
	// generated by the given arguments. It is defined as startangle + endangle/2 and innerR + outerR/2
	pos[0] = radius * (midAngle(d2) < Math.PI ? 1 : -1); // aligns the labels on the sides
	return 'translate(' + pos + ')';
	};
	}

	function pointTween(d) {
	this._current = this._current \|\| d;
	var interpolate = d3.interpolate(this._current, d);
	this._current = interpolate(0);
	return function(t){
	var d2 = interpolate(t),
	pos = outerArc.centroid(d2);
	pos[0] = radius * 0.95 * (midAngle(d2) < Math.PI ? 1 : -1);
	return [arc.centroid(d2), outerArc.centroid(d2), pos];
	};
	}

	// function to calculate the tween for an arc's transition.
	// see http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/5100636 for a thorough explanation.
	function arcTween(d) {
	var i = d3.interpolate(this._current, d);
	this._current = i(0);
	return function(t) { return arc(i(t)); };
	}

	function findNeighborArc(i, data0, data1, key) {
	var d;
	return (d = findPreceding(i, data0, data1, key)) ? {startAngle: d.endAngle, endAngle: d.endAngle}
	: (d = findFollowing(i, data0, data1, key)) ? {startAngle: d.startAngle, endAngle: d.startAngle}
	: null;
	}
	// Find the element in data0 that joins the highest preceding element in data1.
	function findPreceding(i, data0, data1, key) {
	var m = data0.length;
	while (--i >= 0) {
	var k = key(data1[i]);
	for (var j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
	if (key(data0[j]) === k) return data0[j];
	}
	}
	}

	function key(d) {
	return d.data[category];
	}

	// Find the element in data0 that joins the lowest following element in data1.
	function findFollowing(i, data0, data1, key) {
	var n = data1.length, m = data0.length;
	while (++i < n) {
	var k = key(data1[i]);
	for (var j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
	if (key(data0[j]) === k) return data0[j];
	}
	}
	}

	// ===========================================================================================

	});
	}

	// getter and setter functions. See Mike Bostocks post "Towards Reusable Charts" for a tutorial on how this works.
	chart.width = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return width;
	width = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.height = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return height;
	height = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.margin = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return margin;
	margin = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.radius = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return radius;
	radius = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.padAngle = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return padAngle;
	padAngle = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.cornerRadius = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return cornerRadius;
	cornerRadius = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.colour = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return colour;
	colour = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.variable = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return variable;
	variable = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.category = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return category;
	category = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.transTime = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return transTime;
	transTime = value;
	return chart;
	};

	chart.data = function(value) {
	if (!arguments.length) return data;
	data = value;
	if (typeof updateData === 'function') updateData();
	return chart;
	};

	return chart;
	}
	MIT License

	Copyright (c) 2017 Michael Hall

	Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

	The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

	THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.